Built a cost comparison model for 5 major ZTNA platforms.

I'm evaluating ZTNA solutions for a project at work and got tired of vague pricing. I built a model to compare total cost for a 500-user deployment over three years.

I looked at Zscaler, Palo Alto, Cloudflare, Twingate, and Netskope. The model factors in user licenses, bandwidth/egress fees, required support tiers, and any necessary gateway components. The spread was huge, with the most expensive being nearly 3x the cheapest.

Has anyone else done something similar? I'm wondering if I'm missing any hidden cost drivers, like API call costs for automation or specific identity provider integration fees. My model is in Python/pandas, happy to share the approach.